In a novel way, modern architecture has a great influence and impact on present-day contemporary architecture. Since the late 1980s, ‘minimalism in architecture has been taken into consideration. Less is more is emphasized, which adheres to the philosophy of filling the space with the necessary items and clearing unneeded clutter to allow room for significant materials and objects. With simple shapes and clear lines, a neutral color scheme, and plain textures, minimalism exudes calm. Minimalism is about eliminating life's excesses. We can find freedom, contentment, and the ability to concentrate on what matters most. Whether it was during the sustainable era or in the twenty-first century, minimalism is adopting the conventional "less is more" way of life. In addition to displaying a wide range of hues, architecture is a form of art. Iranian architecture embodies historical grandeur and devotion, a commitment to religious education, and a rejection of materialism. It is a product of Islamic civilization. However, recycling well-known architectural features like minarets, courtyards, and mashrabiya frequently runs afoul of modern trends in architecture, which are not necessarily opposed to the fundamentals of Islamic architecture. Minimalism is regarded as a fundamental resource and analternative to the present standard aesthetic. In order to draw designers with sustainable goals' attention to the relationships between minimalism and sustainability, the following questions are briefly addressed in this paper. How does minimalist design work? What does minimalist design entail? Is the minimalist style the best style for environmentally friendly architecture? This paper tries to attempt to examine a minimalist aesthetic for sustainable building and design. This paper discusses a comprehensive overview and analysis of minimalism and its guiding principles in architecture. It also continues by outlining the features and minimalistic foundations of Islamic architecture.

Prior research tends to examine the effect of a narrow set of app-related factors on the construct of app relationship quality holistically. However, it is well-established that app relationship quality consists of cognitive and emotional aspects. To address these two issues, our study takes a more nuanced approach by examining a comprehensive set of app-related factors, including functional, offerings, experiential and relational factors, and their differential impacts on two distinct components of app relationship quality, namely cognitive app relationship quality (CARQ) and emotional app relationship quality (EARQ). It also examines the differential impact of CARQ and EARQ on app stickiness, which has long been considered as a managerial challenge. A ‘modular design approach’ was used to collect the data from an online UK consumer panel. 605 responses were analyzed using AMOS 24. The results indicated that functional and offering factors produced greater effects on CARQ than on EARQ. In contrast, experiential and relational factors were found to have stronger effects on EARQ than on CARQ. Further, CARQ was found to have a stronger effect on app stickiness compared to EARQ. The current study offers a detailed understanding of the factors that contribute to each component of app relationship quality and empirically demonstrates the differential effects of the cognitive and emotional aspects on app sickness. Such results are expected to help e-retailers to develop a strong digital presence, build future readiness for their brands, and design app-focused strategies using a consumer-centric approach.

Energy efficiency and ecological footprint is an emerging debate among policy analysts due to the increasing issues of ecological degradation and energy demand. The substantial role of sustainable governance structure cannot be ignored because all Sustainable Development Goals are dependent on effective governance for attaining sustainable development. Therefore, the present research examines the causal effect of sustainable governance structure on energy efficiency and ecological footprint in BRICS‘‘ Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa” by using the yearly data from 1996 to 2017. The global indicators of governance have been used as a proxy of sustainable governance structure to attain a broader aspect. The data has been analyzed by applying the advanced econometric technique, i.e., the ‘‘nonparametric causality-in-quantiles approach”. The outcomes confess that control of corruption and government effectiveness significantly affect ecological footprint of all countries excluding India and China. Similarly, with respect to energy efficiency, all countries depict significant influence except India. In the case of political stability, all economies portray that political stability fosters energy efficiency and reduces ecological footprint, nevertheless, China exhibits insignificant influence in the political stability-ecological footprint nexus. Also, regulatory quality helps in improving energy efficiency in all countries. However, the association of regulatory quality with ecological footprint reveals that regulatory quality does not granger cause ecological footprint in China; but the effect is significant in other countries. Hence, corruption in the energy industry should be tackled by intensifying anti-corruption activities. To improve energy efficiency and reduce ecological footprint, governments should provide political stability, promote accountability, and invest in green, clean, and sustainable technology.

This study aims to explore the relationship between the influential factors of online learning and the satisfaction of economics and business majors with the quality of their training in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. A total of 900 students in private universities completed a questionnaire. The principal findings of this research are that the students are satisfied with their online learning and that learning conferencing software is the most important driving factor leading to the students’ satisfaction when compared with learning conditions and learning devices. Another interesting finding is that the experience of using learning conferencing software results in a slight difference in the students’ perceived level of satisfaction, adding that users with more than two years’ experience are more satisfied with their training quality than users with less than one year’s experience. However, the results also show that students want to switch to offline learning when the pandemic is over. This study should, therefore, be of value to higher education authorities wishing to understand their students’ perceptions of online learning. In addition, results from the study suggest more managerial approaches as well as improve the online teaching quality during the pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the learning activities of learners in a myriad of ways. Being severely affected by the fourth wave of infection recently, many universities in the South of Vietnam have also switched their learning method into online learning. This study was conducted to explore the effects of online learning on learning quality by utilizing a survey sample of undergraduate students in the field of tourism. Through quantitative data analysis, the research results show that the majority of respondents have an above-neutral level of satisfaction (above 3) when participating in answering questions about factors affecting online learning such as the quality of online learning, e-learning activities, criteria for assessing learning results, education and training issues, influencing factors and impacts of virtual tourism on tourism students. The research results might give managerial implications to universities adopting online learning about policies and measures to improve the school's educational quality during the pandemic.