For the millions of citizens in the Arab World who came together in 2010-2011 to discover their common yearning for dignity and liberty, the real revolutions only began after the wave of protests. Understanding the Political Economy of the Arab Uprisings reassess the interests, potential and constraints of various socio-political players and their importance in the building of a constructive environment for democratic progress in the Middle East. Initiated by the Cairo-based Economic Research Forum and edited by Ishac Diwan, this invaluable volume features contributions by Middle East academics across the world. They examine the reasons behind the uprisings, how democratic transitions transpire, the role of Arab capitalism in the crises, and how the experiences of other countries such as Indonesia, Turkey and Iran, can forecast where these uprisings may lead the Middle East in the years to come. Contents: Preface; Introduction; The Genesis of the Uprisings: The Political Economy of Arab Presidents for Life and After (Roger Owen); Understanding Revolution in the Middle East: The Central Role of the Middle Class (Ishac Diwan); The Making of the Tunisian Revolution (Fadhel Kaboub); A Transition to Democracy?: On the Determinants of Democratic Transitions (Caroline Freund and Melise Jaud); Islamists in Power? Inclusion, Moderation, and the Arab Uprisings (Jillian Schwedler); Arab Capitalism in Crisis: Detecting Corruption and Evaluating Programs to Control It: Some Lessons for MENA (Jeffrey B Nugent); Enhancing Competition in a Post-Revolutionary Arab Context: Does the Turkish Experience Provide Any Lessons? (Izak Atiyas); Lessons from Elsewhere: Politico-Economic Developments in Turkey and The Transformation of Political Islam (1950-2010) (Hasan Ersel); Social Order, Rents, and Economic Development in Iran Since the Early 20th Century Hadi Esfahani; What Happened in the Early Years of Democracy: Indonesia's Experience (Akhmad Rizal Shidiq and Philips Jusario Vermonte). Readership: Graduate and research students, political scientists, economists, social scientists who specialize in the political economy of the Middle East and current affairs in the MENA Region

This unique new book is a comprehensive review of the many current industrial applications of particle accelerators, written by experts in each of these fields. Readers will gain a broad understanding of the principles of these applications, the extent to which they are employed, and the accelerator technology utilized. The book also serves as a thorough introduction to these fields for non-experts and laymen. Due to the increased interest in industrial applications, there is a growing interest among accelerator physicists and many other scientists worldwide in understanding how accelerators are used in various applications. The government agencies that fund scientific research with accelerators are also seeking more information on the many commercial applications that have been or can be developed with the technology developments they are funding. Many industries are also doing more research on how they can improve their products or processes using particle beams.

This book is an extended and substantially updated edition of the previous book editions published in 1996 and 2013 under the same title. The 3rd edition is a one-volume, modern and comprehensive overview of the current knowledge of regular and random ocean surface waves in deep waters and in coastal zones. Since the previous editions many new theoretical advances have been made in the physical understanding and analytical and numerical treatment of various ocean wave problems. The revisions and supplements demanded by these advances have been substantial, therefore the scope of the book has been extended by adding a new chapter and substantially supplementing others. All chapters of the book have been rewritten to include and describe in detail many new discoveries made since the completion of the previous editions. In this 3rd edition a comprehensive and updated overview of the fundamentals of the regular wave mechanics, as well as the spectral and statistical properties of random waves are given. Except for the updated chapters dedicated to tsunami and extreme waves, a new chapter dealing with other types of impulsive waves starting from rest, are also included. The air-sea interaction processes as well as the last improvements in ocean wave modelling and presently available wave prediction models (WAM, WAVEWATCH III, UMWM, NEMO) are thoroughly discussed and their applications are demonstrated. The review of the present ocean observation methods encompasses the modern sea-truthing, as well as applications of data from presently operating marine satellites. In this revised edition, chapters on the behavior of surface waves in the vegetated environments such as coral reef, mangrove forest, seaweed and seagrass areas are substantially extended and updated to include the last discoveries. The explanations in the book are self-contained and detailed enough to capture the interest of the potential readers and to prompt them to explore the research literature. The list of rapidly growing number of the recent papers on the ocean waves has been extended substantially, up to about 900 titles.

This volume presents recent progress and perspectives in multi-photon processes and spectroscopy of atoms, ions, molecules and solids. The subjects in the series cover the experimental and theoretical investigations in the interdisciplinary research fields of natural science including chemistry, physics, bioscience and material science. This volume is the latest volume in a series that is a pioneer in compiling review articles of nonlinear interactions of photons and matter. It has made an essential contribution to the development and promotion of the related research fields. In view of the rapid growth in multi-photon processes and multi-photon spectroscopy, care has been taken to ensure that the review articles contained in the series are readable not only by active researchers but also those who are not yet experts but intend to enter the field

Few financial mathematical books have discussed mathematically acceptable boundary conditions for the degenerate diffusion equations in finance. In The Time-Discrete Method of Lines for Options and Bonds, Gunter H. Meyer examines PDE models for financial derivatives and shows where the Fichera theory requires the pricing equation at degenerate boundary points, and what modifications of it lead to acceptable tangential boundary conditions at non-degenerate points on computational boundaries when no financial data are available. Extensive numerical simulations are carried out with the method of lines to examine the influence of the finite computational domain and of the chosen boundary conditions on option and bond prices in one and two dimensions, reflecting multiple assets, stochastic volatility, jump diffusion and uncertain parameters. Special emphasis is given to early exercise boundaries, prices and their derivatives near expiration. Detailed graphs and tables are included which may serve as benchmark data for solutions found with competing numerical methods