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Energy and the wealth of nations : an introduction to biophysical economics / Charles A S Hall; Kent Klitgaard
Cham, Switzerland : Springer, 2018
507 pages. : illustrations ; cm.
Ký hiệu phân loại (DDC): 333.79
In this updated edition of a groundbreaking text, concepts such as energy return on investment (EROI) provide powerful insights into the real balance sheets that drive our "petroleum economy." Hall and Klitgaard explore the relation between energy and the wealth explosion of the 20th century, and the interaction of internal limits to growth found in the investment process and rising inequality with the biophysical limits posed by finite energy resources. The authors focus attention on the failure of markets to recognize or efficiently allocate diminishing resources, the economic consequences of peak oil, the high cost and relatively low EROI of finding and exploiting new oil fields, including the much ballyhooed shale plays and oil sands, and whether alternative energy technologies such as wind and solar power can meet the minimum EROI requirements needed to run society as we know it. For the past 150 years, economics has been treated as a social science in which economies are modeled as a circular flow of income between producers and consumers. In this "perpetual motion" of interactions between firms that produce and households that consume, little or no accounting is given of the flow of energy and materials from the environment and back again. In the standard economic model, energy and matter are completely recycled in these transactions, and economic activity is seemingly exempt from the Second Law of Thermodynamics. As we enter the second half of the age of oil, when energy supplies and the environmental impacts of energy production and consumption are likely to constrain economic growth, this exemption should be considered illusory at best. This book is an essential read for all scientists and economists who have recognized the urgent need for a more scientific, empirical, and unified approach to economics in an energy-constrained world, and serves as an ideal teaching text for the growing number of courses, such as the authors' own, on the role of energy in society. Includes several new chapters and comprehensive updates addressing the implications of hydraulic fracturing (fracking), access to energy and social inequality, as well as climate science and planetary boundaries Integrates energy and economics by combining natural and social sciences Uses predictive tools and measures, such as EROI, to show how the economy is embedded in a biophysical world subject to scientific rules and constraints Provides a fresh approach to economics for those wondering "What's next?" after the Great Recession and continued volatility in energy prices Offers economic analysis from the real-world perspective of peak oil, high energy prices, the role of alternative energy sources, and potential environmental impacts of energy use such as climate change.
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2
Energy Economics : Theory and Applications / Peter Zweifel, Aaron Praktiknjo and Georg Erdmann
Berlin : Springer, 2017
333 p. ; cm.
Ký hiệu phân loại (DDC): 333.79
This book provides an introduction to energy economics. It shows how to apply general economic theory as well as empirical and advanced econometric methods to explain the drivers of energy markets and their development. Readers learn about the specific properties of energy markets as well as the physical, technological, environmental, and geopolitical particularities of energy sources and products. The book covers all types of energy markets, ranging from liquid fuels, gaseous fuels, and solid fuels to electricity. It also addresses emission allowances, energy efficiency, and nuclear risks. The authors discuss the engineering properties of energy technologies including renewables, the economics of natural resources and environmental protection, market liberalization, and energy trade as well as the experience of the German energy transformation. This book will serve students as a textbook and practitioners as a reference for their understanding of energy markets and their development.
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3
Energy security : perspectives, improvement strategies and challenges /Mirjana Radovanović (editor)
New York : Nova Science Publishers, 2018
244 pages. : Illustrationen ; 24 cm.
Ký hiệu phân loại (DDC): 333.79
Energy security is one of the greatest challenges of the modern world. The situation is further complicated by the fact that energy security can be viewed from different points of view, which are often contradictory and with no consensus on what energy security is and how it is measured, monitored or foreseen. This book presents the most important aspects of energy security, including its role as an element of national security and a factor of geopolitical stability. Many factors affect energy security (and vice versa) in different ways. This book discusses the most important: the impact of political changes, military operations, organizations (EU and NATO), and social movements on energy security. Special emphasis is given to energy infrastructure, as one of the major preconditions that will – along with geopolitical changes – have the greatest impact on energy security in the future. The book presents energy security specificities and challenges in the case of EU countries, the Russian Federation, the United States and China. It also provides an example of small countries that do not have their own energy resources, and therefore need to ensure their secure energy and political future in a rapidly changing world. The book is primarily intended for the academic community, decision-makers, energy sector companies and security services around the world.
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